Generalized measurements by linear elements

Rapid estimation of sunflower leaf area from linear measurements

Linear and Generalized Linear Phase

In many applications, it is desirable to design filters that affect the magnitude of the Fourier transform of the input in some way – for example, by attenuating certain frequency components, while affecting the phase as little as possible. Unfortunately, for causal systems, it is not possible to achieve zero phase. Instead, as a design goal, we can try to make the phase as close to linear as p...

Linear Structural Elements

Lineation is a general term to describe any repeated, commonly penetrative and parallel alignment of linear elements within a rock (to envision lineation, imagine packages of spaghetti). A lineation may be a primary igneous or sedimentary fabric element, such as an array of elongate K-feldspar porphyroblasts, inclusions or pebbles oriented with their long dimensions mutually parallel, or flute ...

Sensing Elements for Current Measurements

 First, we’ll focus on evaluating current measurements using a shunt (sense) resistor. We’ll explain how to choose a sense resistor and discuss the inaccuracies associated with the sensing element and extraneous parameters that compromise the overall measurement.  Then, we’ll evaluate a direct current resistance (DCR) sensing architecture that allows for lossless current sense in some power a...

Geolocation using TDOA and FDOA Measurements in sensor networks Using Non-Linear Elements

Passive geo-location of communication emitters provides great benefits to military and civilian surveillance and security operations. Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) measurement combination for stationary emitters may be obtained by sensors mounted on mobile platforms, for example on a pair of UAVs. Complex Ambiguity Function (CAF) of received comple...